Method for forming resist under layer film, pattern forming method and composition for resist under layer film

ABSTRACT

A method for forming a resist under layer film includes providing a composition for forming a resist under layer film on a substrate which is to be processed. The composition includes a solvent and a calixarene compound or a derivative of the calixarene compound. The composition is set under an oxidizing atmosphere with an oxygen content of 1% or more by volume to form a resist under layer film.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation application of the U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/442,702 filed Mar. 24, 2009, which in turn is anational stage application of International Application No.PCT/JP2007/068105, filed Sep. 18, 2007, which claims priority toJapanese Patent Application No. 2006-265738, filed on Sep. 28, 2006. Thecontents of these applications are incorporated herein by reference intheir entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a method for forming a resist underlayer film, a pattern forming method and a composition for a resistunder layer film.

2. Discussion of the Background

In the process for producing an element of a highly integrated circuit,miniaturization of the working size using a multilayer resist process isprogressing in order to achieve higher integration. In this process, aliquid composition for forming a resist under layer film is first coatedonto a substrate and then a liquid photoresist composition is furthercoated thereon. Next, a mask pattern is transferred onto the photoresistfilm using a reduced projection exposure system (stepper), followed bydevelopment using an appropriate developer to obtain a photoresistpattern. After that, the pattern is transferred onto a resist underlayer film by dry-etching. Finally, the resist under layer film patternis transferred onto a substrate by dry-etching to obtain a substratewith a desired pattern. A multilayer process using one type of resistunder layer film is called a bilayer resist process and a multilayerprocess using two types of resist under layer film is called a trilayerresist process.

A resist under layer film generally functions as an anti-reflection filmwhich absorbs radiation reflected by a substrate. Additionally, amaterial having a large content of carbon atoms is used for a resistunder layer film directly in contact with a substrate and exhibits goodetching resistance during processing a substrate and ensures moreaccurate pattern transfer. A thermoset phenol novolac is a particularlywell-known material for such a resist under layer film. Further, acomposition containing a polymer possessing an acenaphthylene skeletonis known to have good characteristics as a resist under layer film(disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent ApplicationPublication No. JP-A 2000-143937 and Japanese Unexamined PatentApplication Publication No. JP-A 2001-40293).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for forming aresist under layer film includes providing a composition for forming aresist under layer film on a substrate which is to be processed. Thecomposition includes a solvent, and a calixarene compound or aderivative of the calixarene compound. The composition is set under anoxidizing atmosphere with an oxygen content of 1% or more by volume toform a resist under layer film.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a pattern formingmethod includes forming a resist under layer film on a substrate usingthe method for forming a resist under layer film. A resist compositionsolution is provided on the resist under film to form a resist film.Necessary parts of the resist film are exposed to radiation. The exposedresist film is developed to form a resist pattern. The resist underlayer film and the substrate are dry-etched using the resist pattern asa mask.

According to further aspect of the present invention, a composition forforming a resist under layer film includes a calixarene compound or aderivative of the calixarene compound, and a solvent.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The embodiments of the present invention are as follows.

[1] A method for forming a resist under layer film characterized bycomprising a coating process in which a composition for forming a resistunder layer film is coated on a substrate, and a film-forming process inwhich the coating film is subjected to setting under an oxidizingatmosphere with an oxygen content of 1% or more by volume and atemperature of 300° C. or higher to form a resist under layer film.[2] The method for forming a resist under layer film according to [1]above, wherein the composition for forming a resist under layer filmcomprises a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group and a solvent.[3] The method for forming a resist under layer film according to [2]above, wherein the composition for forming a resist under layer filmcomprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of(a) a metal compound containing a metal element selected from the groupconsisting of elements of the groups 3 to 11 and elements of the groups13 to 15 in the periodic table, (b) a peroxide, (c) a diazo compound,and (d) a halogen or a halogen acid, as an accelerator.[4] The method for forming a resist under layer film according to [3]above, wherein the peroxide (b) in the accelerator comprises at leastone peroxide selected from the group consisting of a peroxy acid, adiacyl peroxide, a peroxy acid ester, a ketal peroxide, aperoxydicarbonate, a dialkyl peroxide, a ketone peroxide and an alkylhydroxy peroxide.[5] The method for forming a resist under layer film according to [3]above, wherein the diazo compound (c) in the accelerator comprises2,2′-azobisisobutylonitrile.[6] The method for forming a resist under layer film according to [3]above, wherein the metal compound (a) in the accelerator comprises atleast one metal compound which contains a metal element selected fromthe group consisting of cerium, lead, silver, manganese, osmium,ruthenium, vanadium, thallium, copper, iron, bismuth and nickel.[7] The method for forming a resist under layer film according to [3]above, wherein the halogen or the halogen acid (d) in the acceleratorcomprises at least one halogen selected from the group consisting ofchlorine, bromine and iodine, and at least one compound selected fromthe group consisting of a perhalogen acid, a halogen acid, a halous acida hypohalous acid, and salts of these acids.[8] A pattern forming method characterized by comprising:(1) a process for forming a resist under layer film on a substrate bythe method for forming a resist under layer film according to any one ofabove [1] to [7],(2) a process for forming a resist film on the resist under layer filmusing a resist composition solution,(3) a process for exposing necessary parts of the resist film toradiation,(4) a process for forming a resist pattern by developing an irradiatedresist film, and(5) a process for processing the resist under layer film and thesubstrate using the resist pattern as a mask by a dry-etching method.[9] A composition for forming a resist under layer film characterized bycomprising a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group, a solvent and anaccelerator, wherein the accelerator comprises at least one componentselected from the group consisting of (a) a metal compound containing ametal element selected from the group consisting of elements of thegroups 3 to 11 and elements of the groups 13 to 15 in the periodictable, (b) a peroxide, (c) a diazo compound, and (d) a halogen or ahalogen acid.[10] The composition for forming a resist under layer film according to[9] above, wherein the peroxide (b) in the accelerator comprises atleast one peroxide selected from the group consisting of a peroxy acid,a diacyl peroxide, a peroxy acid ester, a ketal peroxide, aperoxydicarbonate, a dialkyl peroxide, a ketone peroxide and an alkylhydroxy peroxide.[11] The composition for forming a resist under layer film according to[9] above, wherein the diazo compound (c) in the accelerator comprises2,2′-azobisisobutylonitrile.[12] The composition for forming a resist under layer film according to[9] above, wherein the metal compound (a) in the accelerator comprisesat least one metal compound which contains a metal element selected fromthe group consisting of cerium, lead, silver, manganese, osmium,ruthenium, vanadium, thallium, copper, iron, bismuth and nickel.[13] The composition for forming a resist under layer film according to[9] above, wherein the halogen or the halogen acid (d) in theaccelerator comprises at least one halogen selected from the groupconsisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine, and at least one compoundselected from the group consisting of a perhalogen acid, a halogen acid,a halous acid a hypohalous acid, and salts of these acids.

The method for forming a resist under layer film, the composition forthe resist under layer film, and the pattern forming method according tothe embodiment of the present invention is suitable for formingmicro-patterns in a lithographic process using various types ofradiation, particularly for producing an element of a highly integratedcircuit. According to the method of forming a resist under layer film, aresist under layer film can be formed which is excellent in patterntransfer properties and etching resistance and does not causedeformation of a pattern even in the transfer of a fined pattern.

Hereinafter, the embodiment of the present invention is described indetail.

[1] Method of Forming Resist Under Layer Film

The method for forming a resist under layer film of the embodiment ofthe present invention comprises a coating process in which a compositionfor forming a resist under layer film is coated on a substrate, and afilm-forming process in which the coating film is subjected to settingunder an oxidizing atmosphere with an oxygen content of 1% or more byvolume and a temperature of 300° C. or higher to form a resist underlayer film.

[1-1] Coating Process

In the above-mentioned coating process, a composition for forming aresist under layer film is coated on a substrate and a coating film isformed.

Examples of the substrate include a silicon wafer, a wafer covered withaluminum and the like.

In addition, the coating method for coating the composition for forminga resist under layer film onto the substrate is not particularlylimited, but appropriate method such as rotation coating, cast coatingand roll coating may be applied.

<Composition for Forming a Resist Under Layer Film>

As the above-mentioned composition for forming a resist under layerfilm, a liquid composition comprising a compound such as a resin (thecompound may be a non-resinous compound) and a solvent that dissolvesthe compound is used.

(A) Compound

Examples of the above-mentioned compound include a compound having aphenolic hydroxyl group (hereinafter referred to also as “compound (A)”)and the like.

Examples of the compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group include anovolac resin, a resole resin, polyvinylphenol, a derivative ofpolyvinylphenol, a calixarene-based compound, a derivative of acalixarene-based compound and the like. The compound (A) may be usedsingly or in combination of two or more types thereof.

Examples of the above-mentioned novolac resin include resins obtained byreacting at least one phenolic compound selected from the groupconsisting of a phenol such as phenol, cresol, xylenol, resorcinol,bisphenol A, p-tert-butyl phenol and p-octyl phenol, and a naphtol suchas α-naphthol, β-naphthol, 1,5-dihydronaphthalene and2,7-dihydronaphthalene with at least one aldehyde such as formaldehyde,paraformaldehyde, trioxane, furfuryl aldehyde, benzaldehyde andnaphthoaldehyde, leading to an aldehyde source compound in the presenceof an acidic catalyst, and the like.

In addition, specific examples of the above resole resin include a resinobtained by reacting the above phenolic compound with theabove-mentioned aldehyde using an alkaline catalyst, and the like.

Examples of the above-mentioned polyvinylphenol and derivatives thereofinclude a polymer represented by the following general formula (1).

[In the general formula (1), M represents a radically polymerizablemonomer, m is a positive integer, n is 0 or a positive integer, and mand n satisfy the relationship of 5 m+n 200 and m/(m+n)≧0.5. Thehydroxyl group may bond to any of para, ortho and meta positions.]

The radically polymerizable monomer M which is a copolymerizablecomponent may be a compound having a polymerizable unsaturated groupincluding a styrene-based monomer such as styrene and α-methyl styrene,(meth)acrylonitrile, an acryl-based monomer such as a (meth)acrylicacid, a (meth)acrylic acid ester including (meth)acrylic acid methylester, and acrylamide, a vinylether compound, maleic anhydride, vinylpyridine and the like.

The amount of the radically polymerizable monomer M in the polymer ispreferably less than 50% by mol.

These polyvinylphenol-based polymers are commercially available underthe trademarks of “Maruka Lyncur M” (poly-p-vinylphenol), “Lyncur MB”(brominated poly-p-vinylphenol), “Lyncur CMM” (copolymer ofp-vinylphenol and methyl methacrylate), “Lyncur CHM” (copolymer ofp-vinylphenol and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and “Lyncur CST”(copolymer of p-vinylphenol and styrene), all manufactured by MaruzenPetrochemical Co., Ltd, and the like.

As examples of the above calixarene compound and its derivative, apolymer represented by the following general formula (2) can be given.

[In the general formula (2), R individually represents a hydrogen atom,a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent acid dissociable group havinga chain structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentthermally decomposable group having a chain structure, provided that atleast one of the Rs is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aciddissociable group having a chain structure; X individually represents asubstituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms;Y individually represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl grouphaving 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenylgroup having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstitutedalkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted orunsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms, a substitutedor unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or asubstituted or unsubstituted phenoxy group; and q is individually 0 or1.]

Specific examples of the compound of the above-mentioned general formula(2) include a compound obtained by a condensing reaction of at least onephenolic compound such as resorcinol, 2-methyl resorcinol and 2-butylresolcinol, and at least one selected from a dialdehyde compound such as1,5-pentanedial, 1,7-heptanedial, 1,9-nonandial and 1,10-decandial, andthe like.

There are no specific limitations to the conditions (method) of thecondensing reaction and a known method can be applied. For example, amethod of reacting at a temperature in the range from 60° C. to 90° C.for 12 to 50 hours in the presence of an acid catalyst, and the like canbe given.

There are no specific limitations to the acid-dissociable group and thethermally decomposable group so long as the groups are dissociable by anacid or decomposed by heat. Examples include tert-butoxy carbonyl group,methoxy methyl group, ethoxy methyl group, 1-methoxy ethyl group,1-ethoxy ethyl group and the like.

In addition, the total amount of the acid-dissociable group and thethermally decomposable group is preferably in the range from 10% to 90%by mol based on 100% by mol of the total amount of R in theabove-mentioned general formula (2). If the amount is less than 10% bymol, the solubility of the calixarene compound remarkably decreases andan under layer film with a desired film thickness may not be obtained.

(B) Solvent

The resist under layer film composition of the embodiment of the presentinvention contains a solvent capable of dissolving the above-mentionedcompound (A) (hereinafter referred to as “solvent (B)”) and is anormally liquid composition.

The solvent (B) is not particularly limited so long as being capable ofdissolving the above compound (A) and example thereof includes anethylene glycol monoalkyl ether such as ethylene glycol monomethylether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-propylether and ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether; an ethylene glycolmonoalkyl ether acetate such as ethylene glycol monomethyl etheracetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycolmono-n-propyl ether acetate and ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl etheracetate; a diethylene glycol dialkyl ether such as diethylene glycoldimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycoldi-n-propyl ether and diethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether; a triethyleneglycol dialkyl ether such as triethylene glycol dimethyl ether andtriethylene glycol diethyl ether; a propylene glycol monoalkyl ethersuch as propylene glycol monomethyl ether propylene glycol, monoethylether, propylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether and propylene glycolmono-n-butyl ether; a propylene glycol dialkyl ether such as propyleneglycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycoldi-n-propyl ether and propylene glycol di-n-butyl ether; a propyleneglycol monoalkyl ether acetate such as propylene glycol monomethyl etheracetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycolmono-n-propyl ether acetate and propylene glycol mono-n-butyl etheracetate;

a lactic acid ester such as methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, n-propyllactate, i-propyl lactate, n-butyl lactate and i-butyl lactate; analiphatic carboxylate such as methyl formate, ethyl formate, n-propylformate, i-propyl formate, n-butyl formate, i-butyl formate, n-amylformate, i-amyl lactate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propylacetate, i-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, i-butyl acetate, n-amylacetate, i-amyl acetate, n-hexyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethylpropionate, n-propyl propionate, i-propyl propionate, n-butylpropionate, i-butyl propionate, methyl butylate, ethyl butylate,n-propyl butylate, i-propyl butylate; n-butyl butylate and i-butylbutylate;

other ester such as ethyl hydroxyacetate, ethyl2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate, methyl 3-methoxy-2-methyl propionate,methyl 2-hydroxy-3-methyl butyrate, ethylmethoxy acetate, ethylethoxyacetate, methyl 3-methoxy propionate, ethyl 3-ethoxy propionate, ethyl3-methoxy propionate, 3-methoxypropyl acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate,3-methyl-3-methoxybutyl acetate, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutyl propionate,3-methyl-3-methoxybutyl butyrate, methyl acetoacetate, methyl pyruvateand ethyl pyruvate; an aromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene and xylene;a ketone such as methyl ethyl ketone methyl n-propyl ketone, methyln-butyl ketone, 2-heptanone, 3-heptanone, 4-heptanone and cyclohexanone;an amide such as N-methyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl formamide, N-methylacetoamide, N,N-dimethyl acetoamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; a lactonesuch as γ-butyrolactone; and the like.

Among the solvent (B), propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propyleneglycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethyl lactate, n-butyl acetate, ethyl3-ethoxy propionate, methyl 3-methoxy propionate, 2-heptanone,cyclohexanone, γ-butyrolactone and the like are preferred. The solvent(B) may be used singly or in combination of two or more types thereof.

The solvent (B) is used usually in an amount required to make the solidcontent of the resist under layer film composition a range usually from5% to 80% by weight, preferably from 5% to 40% by weight, and furtherpreferably from 10% to 30% by weight.

The composition for forming a resist under layer film of the embodimentof the present invention may optionally contain an accelerator (C), anacid generator (D), and a crosslinking agent (E) as well as variousother additives (F) such as a binder resin, a radiation absorbent and asurfactant to an extent that does not damage the desired effect of theembodiment of the present invention. The addition of the accelerator (C)is particularly preferable.

(C) Accelerator

The above-mentioned accelerator (C) is an adjuvant which can acceleratea dehydrogenation reaction in the later-described film-forming process.Specific example includes a one-electron oxidant and the like.

The one-electron oxidant refers to an oxidant which receives oneelectron itself. For example, in the case of cerium (IV) ammoniumnitrate, cerium ion (IV) receives one electron and changes itself intocerium ion (III). Additionally, a radical oxidant such as halogen isconverted into an anion by acquiring one electron. The phenomenon ofoxidizing a compound by taking one electron from the compound(substrate, catalyst, etc.) is called one-electron oxidation and thecompound which receives the one electron is called a one-electronoxidant.

Typical examples of the above-mentioned one-electron oxidant include (a)a metal compound, (b) a peroxide, (c) a diazo compound, (d) a halogen orhalogen acid, and the like.

Examples of the above-mentioned metal compound (a) include a metalcompound containing a metal element selected from the group consistingof elements of the groups 3 to 11 (formerly groups IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA,VIIA, VIII, and IB (transition elements)) and elements of groups 13 to15 (formerly groups IIIB, IVB, and VB) in the periodic table, and thelike. That is, a metal compound containing an element selected fromcerium, lead, silver, manganese, osmium, ruthenium, vanadium, thallium,copper, iron, bismuth and nickel. Specific examples include (a1) acerium salt (including tetravalent cerium salt) such as cerium (IV)ammonium nitrate (CAN; cerium (IV) ammonium hexanitrate), cerium (IV)acetate, cerium (IV) nitrate and cerium (IV) sulfate; (a2) a leadcompound (including tetravalent lead compound) such as lead tetraacetateand lead (IV) oxide, (a3) a silver compound such as silver oxide (I),silver oxide (II), silver carbonate (Fetizon reagent) and silvernitrate; (a4) a manganese compound such as permanganate, activemanganese dioxide and manganese (III) salt, (a5) an osmium compound suchas osmium tetroxide, (a6) a ruthenium compound such as rutheniumtroxide, (a7) a vanadium compound such as VOCl₂, VOF₃, V₂O₅, NH₄VO₃ andNaVO₃, (a8) a thallium compound such as thallium (III) acetate, thallium(III) trifluoroacetate and thallium (III) nitrate; (a9) a coppercompound such as copper (II) acetate, copper (II)trifluoromethanesulfonate, copper (II) trifluoroborate, copper(II)chloride and copper (I) acetate; (a10) an iron compound such as iron(III) chloride and potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), (all) a bismuthcompound such as sodium bismuthate, (a12) a nickel compound such asnickel peroxide, and the like. The compound may be used singly or incombination of two or more types thereof.

Examples of the above-mentioned peroxide (b) include a peroxy acid suchas peracetic acid and m-chloroperbenzoic acid; hydrogen peroxide; ahydroxyperoxide such as t-butyl hydroperoxide; a diacyl peroxide, aperoxy acid ester, a ketal peroxide, peroxydicarbonate, a dialkylperoxide, a ketone peroxide and the like. The compound may be usedsingly or in combination of two or more types thereof.

Examples of the above-mentioned diazo compound (c) include2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile and the like. The compound may be usedsingly or in combination of two or more types thereof.

Examples of the above-mentioned halogen or halogen acid (d) include ahalogen such as chlorine, bromine and iodine; a perhalogen acid, ahalogen acid, a halous acid and a hypohalous acid of chlorine, bromineand iodine, as well as salts thereof and the like. Specific examples ofthe salt of halogen acid include sodium perchlorate, sodium bromate andthe like. The compound may be used singly or in combination of two ormore types thereof.

Among the above-mentioned mono-electron oxidizers, a peroxide (b) and adiazo compound (c) are preferable, and m-chloroperbenzoic acid, t-butylhydroperoxide, and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile are particularlypreferable. These mono-electron oxidizers are preferable because thereis no possibility that these oxidizers would cause metal residues toattach to a substrate.

The composition for forming a resist under layer film of the embodimentof the present invention may comprise two or more types of theabove-mentioned accelerator (C). In particular, the composition may beone containing two or more one-electron oxidizers selected from theabove-mentioned metal compound (a) and the peroxide (b).

The compounding amount of the above-mentioned accelerator (C) is usuallynot more than 1,000 parts by weight, preferably in the range from 0.01to 500 parts by weight, and further preferably from 0.1 to 100 parts byweigh based on 100 parts by weight of the compound (A).

(D) Acid Generator

The composition for forming a resist under layer film of the embodimentof the present invention may contain an acid generator (hereinafterreferred to as “acid generator (D)”) to an extent that does not damagethe desired effect of the present invention.

The acid generator (C) is a component which generates an acid byradiation or heat. Examples of the acid generator which generates anacid by radiation (hereinafter referred to as “photoacid generator”)include an onium salt-based photoacid generator such as diphenyliodoniumtrifluoromethane sulfonate, diphenyliodonium nonafluoro-n-butanesulfonate, diphenyliodonium pyrene sulfonate, diphenyliodoniumn-dodecylbenzene sulfonate, diphenyliodonium 10-camphor sulfonate,diphenyliodonium naphthalene sulfonate, diphenyliodoniumhexafluoroantimonate, bis(4-t-butylphenyl)iodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, bis(4-t-butylphenyl)iodonium nonafluoro-n-butane sulfonate,bis(4-t-butylphenyl)iodonium n-dodecylbenzene sulfonate,bis(4-t-butylphenyl)iodonium 10-camphor sulfonate,bis(4-t-butylphenyl)iodonium naphthalene sulfonate,bis(4-t-butylphenyl)iodonium hexafluoroantimonate, triphenylsulfoniumtrifluoromethane sulfonate, triphenylsulfonium nonafluoro-n-butanesulfonate, triphenylsulfonium n-dodecylbenzene sulfonate,triphenylsulfonium naphthalene sulfonate, triphenylsulfonium 10-camphorsulfonate, triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate,4-hydroxyphenyl.phenyl.methylsulfonium p-toluene sulfonate,4-hydroxyphenyl.benzyl.methylsulfonium p-toluene sulfonate,

cyclohexyl.methyl.2-oxocyclohexylsulfonium trifluoromethane sulfonate,2-oxocyclohexyl dicyclohexylsulfonium trifluoromethane sulfonate,2-oxocyclohexyl dimethylsulfonium trifluoromethane sulfonate,1-naphtyldimethylsulfonium trifluoromethane sulfonate,1-naphtyldiethylsulfonium trifluoromethane sulfonate,4-cyano-1-naphtyldimethylsulfonium trifluoromethane sulfonate,4-cyano-1-naphtyldiethylsulfonium trifluoromethane sulfonate,4-nitro-1-naphtyldimethylsulfonium trifluoromethane sulfonate,4-nitro-1-naphtyldiethylsulfonium trifluoromethane sulfonate,4-methyl-1-naphtyldimethylsulfonium trifluoromethane sulfonate,4-methyl-1-naphtyldiethylsulfonium trifluoromethane sulfonate,4-hydroxy-1-naphtyldimethylsulfonium trifluoromethane sulfonate,4-hydroxy-1-naphtyldiethylsulfonium trifluoromethane sulfonate,

1-(4-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)tetrahydrothiophenium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-(4-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)tetrahydrothiopheniumtrifluoromethane sulfonate,1-(4-ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)tetrahydrothiophenium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-(4-methoxymethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)tetrahydrothiopheniumtrifluoromethane sulfonate,1-(4-ethoxymethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)tetrahydrothiophenium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-[4-(1-methoxyethoxy)naphthalen-1-yl]tetrahydrothiopheniumtrifluoromethane sulfonate,1-[4-(2-methoxyethoxy)naphthalen-1-yl]tetrahydrothiopheniumtrifluoromethane sulfonate,1-(4-methoxycarbonyloxynaphthalen-1-yl)tetrahydrothiopheniumtrifluoromethane sulfonate,1-(4-ethoxycarbonyloxynaphthalen-1-yl)tetrahydrothiopheniumtrifluoromethane sulfonate,1-(4-n-propoxycarbonyloxynaphthalen-1-yl)tetrahydrothiopheniumtrifluoromethane sulfonate,

1-(4-i-propoxycarbonyloxynaphthalen-1-yl)tetrahydrothiopheniumtrifluoromethane sulfonate,1-(4-n-butoxycarbonyloxynaphthalen-1-yl)tetrahydrothiopheniumtrifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-(4-t-butoxycarbonyloxynaphthalen-1-yl)tetrahydrothiopheniumtrifluoromethane sulfonate,1-[4-(2-tetrahydrofuranyloxy)naphthalen-1-yl]tetrahydrothiopheniumtrifluoromethane sulfonate,1-[4-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)naphthalen-1-yl]tetrahydrothiopheniumtrifluoromethane sulfonate, 1-(4-benzyloxy)tetrahydrothiopheniumtrifluoromethane sulfonate, and1-(naphthylacetomethyl)tetrahydrothiophenium trifluoromethanesulfonate;

a halogen-containing compound-based photoacid generator such as phenylbis(trichloromethyl)-s-triazine, 4-methoxyphenylbis(trichloromethyl)-s-triazine, and 1-naphthylbis(trichloromethyl)-s-triazine; a diazoketone compound-based photoacidgenerator such as 1,2-naphthoquinone diazido-4-sulfonylchloride,1,2-naphthoquinone diazido-5-sulfonylchloride, 1,2-naphthoquinonediazido-4-sulfonate or 1,2-naphthoquinone diazido-5-sulfonate of2,3,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone; a sulfone compound-based photoacidgenerator such as 4-trisphenacylsulfone, mesitylphenacylsulfone andbis(phenylsulfonyl)methane; a sulfonic acid compound-based photoacidgenerator such as benzointosylate, tris(trifluoromethanesulfonate) ofpyrogallol, nitrobenzyl-9,10-diethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate,trifluoromethanesulfonyl bicyclo[2,2,1]hept-5-en-2,3-dicarbodimide,N-hydroxysuccinimide trifluoromethane sulfonate, and1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylate imide trifluoromethane sulfonate; and thelike.

Among the photoacid generator, diphenyliodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, diphenyliodonium nonafluoro-n-butane sulfonate,diphenyliodonium pyrene sulfonate, diphenyliodonium n-dodecylbenzenesulfonate, diphenyliodonium 10-camphor sulfonate, diphenyliodoniumnaphthalene sulfonate, bis(4-t-butylphenyl)iodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, bis(4-t-butylphenyl)iodonium nonafluoro-n-butane sulfonate,(4-t-butylphenyl)iodonium n-dodecylbenzene sulfonate,(4-t-butylphenyl)iodonium 10-camphor sulfonate,(4-t-butylphenyl)iodonium naphthalene sulfonate and the like arepreferred. The photoacid generator may be used singly or in combinationof two or more types thereof.

Examples of the acid generator generating an acid when heated(hereinafter referred to as “thermal acid generator”) include2,4,4,6-tetrabromocyclohexadienone, benzoin tosylate, 2-nitrobenzyltosylate, an alkyl sulfonate and the like. The thermal acid generatormay be used singly or in combination of two or more types thereof.

A photoacid generator and a thermal acid generator may be used incombination as the acid generator (D).

The compounding amount of the acid generator (D) is usually not morethan 5,000 parts by weight, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 1,000parts by weight, and further preferably from 0.1 to 100 parts by weightbased on 100 parts by weight of the compound (A).

In the case where the composition for forming a resist under layer filmof the embodiment of the present invention contain a photoacid and/or athermal acid generator, a crosslinking reaction can be carried outeffectively between the molecular chains of polymers at a comparativelylow temperature (including room temperature).

(E) Crosslinking Agent

The composition for forming a resist under layer film of the embodimentof the present invention may optionally contain a crosslinking agent(hereinafter, referred to as “crosslinking agent (E)” to an extent thatdoes not damage the desired effect of the present invention. Thecrosslinking agent (E) is a component effective for preventingintermixing between the resulting resist under layer film and a resistfilm produced thereon and also preventing cracks in the resist underlayer film.

As the crosslinking agent, a polynuclear phenol and various commerciallyavailable hardening agents may be used.

Examples of the above-mentioned polynuclear phenol include a binuclearphenol such as 4,4′-biphenyldiol, 4,4′-methylenebisphenol,4,4′-ethylidenebisphenol and bisphenol A; a trinuclear phenol such as4,4′,4″-methylidenetrisphenol and4,4′-[1-{4-(1-[4-hydroxyphenyl]-1-methylethyl)phenyl}ethylidene]bisphenol;a polyphenol such as novolac; and the like. Among these,4,4′-[1-{4-(1-[4-hydroxyphenyl]-1-methylethyl)phenyl}ethylidene]bisphenol,novolac and the like are preferable. The polynuclear phenol may be usedsingly or in combination of two or more types thereof.

Examples of the hardening agent include a diisocyanate such as2,3-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 3,4-tolylenediisocyanate, 3,5-tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethanediisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate and 1,4-cyclohexanediisocyante; and commercially available products such as an epoxycompound including “Epikote 812”, “Epikote 815”, “Epikote 826”, “Epikote828”, “Epikote 834”, “Epikote 836”, “Epikote 871”, “Epikote 1001”,“Epikote 1004”, “Epikote 1007”, “Epikote 1009” and “Epikote 1031”(manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resins Co., Ltd.), “Araldite 6600”,“Araldite 6700”, “Araldite 6800”, “Araldite 502”, “Araldite 6071”,“Araldite 6084”, “Araldite 6097” and “Araldite 6099” (manufactured byCiba Specialty Chemicals K.K.), “DER331”, “DER332”, “DER333”, “DER661”,“DER644” and “DER667” (manufactured by Dow Chemical Company) and thelike; a melamine-type hardening agent including “Cymel 300”, “Cymel301”, “Cymel 303”, “Cymel 350”, “Cymel 370”, “Cymel 771”, “Cymel 325”,“Cymel 327”, “Cymel 703”, “Cymel 712”, “Cymel 701”, “Cymel 272” and“Cymel 202”, “Mycoat 506” and “Mycoat 508” (manufactured by MitsuiCyanamid); a benzoguanamine-type hardening agent including “Cymel 1123”,“Cymel 1123-10”, “Cymel 1128”, “Mycoat 102”, “Mycoat 105”, “Mycoat 106”and “Mycoat 130” (manufactured by Mitsui Cyanamid); a glycoluril-typehardening agent including “Cymel 1170” and “Cymel 1172” (manufactured byMitsui Cytec, Ltd.) and “NIKALAC N-2702” (manufactured by Sanwa ChemicalCo., Ltd.); and the like. Among these, a melamine-type hardening agent,a glycoluril-type hardening agent and the like are preferable. Thehardening agent may be used singly or in combination of two or moretypes thereof. Additionally, a polynuclear phenol and a hardening agentmay be used in combination as the crosslinking agent (E).

The compounding amount of the crosslinking agent (E) is usually not morethan 5,000 parts by weight, preferably in the range from 1 to 1,000parts by weight, and further preferably from 1 to 20 parts by weightbased on 100 parts by weight of the compound (A).

(F) Additives

The composition for forming a resist under layer film of the embodimentof the present invention may optionally contain various additives suchas a binder resin, a radiation absorbent, and a surfactant to an extentthat does not damage the desired effect of the present invention.

As the binder resin, various thermoplastic resins and thermoset resinsmay be used. The above-mentioned thermoplastic resin has an effect ofproviding the under layer film with flowability, mechanical propertiesand the like of the thermoplastic resin added to the composition.

Examples of the thermoplastic resin include, an α-olefin polymer such aspolyethylene, polypropylene, poly-1-butene, poly-1-pentene,poly-1-hexene, poly-1-heptene, poly-1-octene, poly-1-decene,poly-1-dodecene, poly-1-tetradecene, poly-1-hexadecene,poly-1-octadecene and poly vinyl cycloalkane; a non-conjugated dienepolymer such as poly-1,4-pentadiene, poly-1,4-hexadiene andpoly-1,5-hexadiene; an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde polymer; anα,β-unsaturated ketone polymer such as poly(methyl vinyl ketone),poly(aromatic vinyl ketone) and poly(cyclic vinyl ketone); a polymer ofan α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid and derivative thereof such as(meth)acrylic acid, α-chloroacrylic acid, a (meth)acrylic acid salt, a(meth)acrylic acid ester and a halogenated (meth)acrylic acid; a polymerof an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic anhydride such as poly(meth)acrylicanhydride and a copolymer of maleic anhydride; a polymers of anunsaturated polybasic carboxylate such as methylene malonic acid diesterand itaconic acid diester; a polymer of a diolefin carboxylate such assorbate and muconate; a polymer of an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acidthioester such as a (meth)acrylic acid thioester, α-chloroacrylic acidthioester; a polymer of (meth)acrylonitrile and derivative thereof suchas (meth)acrylonitrile and α-chloroacrylonitrile; a polymer of(meth)acrylamide and derivative thereof such as (meth)acrylamide andN,N-dimethyl (meth)acrylamide; a polymer of a styryl metallic compound;a polymer of a vinyloxy metallic compound; a polyimine; a polyether suchas polyphenylene oxide, poly-1,3-dioxolane, polyoxirane,polytetrahydrofuran and polytetrahydropyran; a polysulfide; apolysulfoneamide; a polypeptide; a polyamide such as nylon 66 and nylon1 to nylon 12; a polyester such as an aliphatic polyester, an aromaticpolyester, an alicyclic polyester and a polycarbonate; a polyurea; apolysulfone; a polyazine; a polyamine; a polyaromatic ketone; apolyimide; a polybenzimidazole; a polybenzoxazole; a polybenzothiazole;a polyaminotriazole; a polyoxadiazole; a polypyrazole; a polytetrazole;a polyquinoxaline; a polytriazine; a polybenzoxadinone; a polyquinoline;a polyanthrazoline and the like.

The above-mentioned thermoset resin is a component having a function ofbecoming insoluble in a solvent when hardened by heating and ofpreventing intermixing between the resist under layer film and a resistfilm formed on the resist under layer film. Examples of the thermosetresin include a thermoset acryl-based resin, a phenol resin, a urearesin, a melamine resin, an amino-based resin, an aromatic hydrocarbonresin, an epoxy resin, an alkyd resin and the like. Of these a urearesin, a melamine resin and an aromatic hydrocarbon resin arepreferable.

The binder resin may be used singly or in combination of two or moretypes thereof.

The compounding amount of the binder resin is usually not more than 20parts by weight and preferably in the range from 1 to 10 parts by weightbased on 100 parts by weight of the compound (A).

Examples of the above-mentioned radiation absorber include a dye such asan oil soluble dye, a disperse dye, a basic dye, a methane-based dye, apyrazole-based dye, an imidazole-based dye and a hydroxyazo-based dye; afluorescent brightening agent such as a bixin derivative, a norbixin, astilbene, a 4,4′-diaminostilbene derivative, a cumarin derivative, and apyrazoline derivative; a UV absorber such as a hydroxyazo-based dye, and“Cinubin 234” and “Cinubin 1130” (manufactured by Ciba Geigy Corp.); anaromatic compound such as an anthracene derivative and an anthraquinonederivative; and the like. The above-mentioned radiation absorber may beused singly or in combination of two or more types thereof.

The compounding amount of the radiation absorber is usually not morethan 100 parts by weight and preferably in the range from 1 to 50 partsby weight based on 100 parts by weight of the compound (A).

The above-mentioned surfactant is a component having an effect ofimproving coatability, striation, wettability, developability and thelike. Examples of the surfactant include a nonionic surfactant such aspolyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether,polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene n-octylphenyl ether,polyoxyethylene n-nonylphenyl ether, polyethylene glycol dilaurate andpolyethylene distearate, a commercially available product such as“KP341” (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), “Polyflow No.75” and “Polyflow No. 95” (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.),“EFTOP EF101”, “EFTOP EF204”, “EFTOP EF303” and “EFTOP EF352”(manufactured by JEMCO, Inc.), “MEGAFAC F171”, “MEGAFAC F172” and“MEGAFAC F173” (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.),“Fluorad FC430”, “Fluorad FC431”, “Fluorad FC135” and “Fluorad FC93”(manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Ltd.), “Asahi Guard AG710”, “Surflon S382”,“Surflon SC101”, “Surflon SC102”, “Surflon SC103”, “Surflon SC104”,“Surflon SC105” and “Surflon SC106” (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co.,Ltd.), and the like. The surfactant may be used singly or in combinationof two or more types thereof.

The compounding amount of the surfactants is usually not more than 15parts by weight and preferably in the range from 0.001 to 10 parts byweight based on 100 parts by weight of the compound (A).

In addition to the above-mentioned additives (F), other additives suchas a preservative, anti-foaming agent and an adhesion adjuvant can beadded to the composition for forming a resist under layer film of theembodiment of the present invention.

[1-2] Film-Forming Process

The film-forming process is a process in which the coating film obtainedfrom the above-mentioned composition for forming a resist under layerfilm is subjected to setting under an oxidizing atmosphere to form aresist under layer film.

It is thought that a dehydrogenation reaction occurs by one-electronoxidation of the compound (A) (for instance, one-electron oxidation ofthe phenolic hydroxyl group possessed by the compound (A)) in thecomposition for forming a resist under layer film which forms thecoating film, whereby the molecular weight of the compound increases inthis process.

The above-mentioned film-forming process is usually carried out byheating under oxidizing atmosphere. Oxidizing atmosphere herein refersto a mixed gas (including air) consisting of 1% or more by volume ofoxygen and an inert gas, or 100% by volume of oxygen at 23° C. underatmospheric pressure.

Examples of the above-mentioned inert gas include nitrogen, helium,argon, carbon dioxide, steam, mixtures of these gases, and the like. Ofthese gases, nitrogen is preferable due to its low cost.

The oxygen concentration under the oxidizing atmosphere (23° C., normalpressure) is 1% or more by volume, preferably in the range from 5% to100% by volume, more preferably from 5% to 70% by volume, andparticularly from 10% to 50% by volume. The oxygen concentration of 1%or more by volume is preferable to cause the dehydrogenation reaction topromptly proceed.

The heating temperature in the film-forming process is usually 300° C.or higher (the upper limit is usually not higher than the melting pointof the compound (A) used), preferably in the range from 300° C. to 500°C., more preferably from 350° C. to 500° C., and further preferably from350° C. to 450° C. The heating temperature of 300° C. or higher ispreferable to cause the dehydrogenation reaction to promptly proceed.

Additionally, the heating time is not particularly limited, but ispreferably in the range from 10 to 900 seconds, more preferably from 30to 600 seconds, and further preferably from 60 to 300 seconds.

In the film-forming process, the coating film may be preheated at atemperature in the range from 100° C. to 250° C., and preferably from150° C. to 250° C. before heating at the temperature of 300° C. orhigher.

Although not particularly limited, the heating time is preferably in therange from 10 to 300 seconds, and more preferably from 30 to 120seconds.

Preheating causes the solvent to previously vaporize and makes the filmbecome denser, whereby the dehydrogenation reaction can efficientlyproceed.

In addition, the dehydrogenation rate of the resist under layer film inthe film-forming process, which is the difference in the hydrogencontent before and after dehydrogenation, that is, the rate of decreaseof the hydrogen content after dehydrogenation from the hydrogen contentbefore dehydrogenation, is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 15%or more, and still more preferably 20% or more.

The method of measuring the dehydrogenation rate is the same as that inExamples described later.

In the method of forming the resist under layer film of the embodimentof the present invention, the coating film is usually hardened in theabove-mentioned film-forming process to produce a resist under layerfilm. However, it is possible to add a specified photocuring agent(crosslinking agent) to the above-mentioned composition for forming aresist under layer film and to form the resist under layer film in anexposing process which is provided after the film-forming process. Thetype of radiation used for exposure is appropriately selected accordingto the type of photoacid generator added to the composition for forminga resist under layer film from visible rays, ultraviolet rays, deepultraviolet rays, X-rays, electron beams, γ-rays, molecular beams, ionbeams, and the like.

Furthermore, in the method of forming a resist under layer film of theembodiment of the present invention, it is possible to add a specifiedthermosetting agent and/or photocuring agent (crosslinking agent) to theabove-mentioned composition for forming a resist under layer film tocrosslink a portion of the compound (A) in the coating film in acrosslinking process which comprises exposing and/or heating operationprovided after the above-mentioned film-forming process.

[2] Pattern-Forming Method

The pattern forming method of the embodiment of the present invention ischaracterized by comprising a process for forming a resist under layerfilm on a substrate by the above-mentioned method for forming a resistunder layer film (hereinafter referred to as “process (1)”), a processfor forming a resist film on the above-mentioned resist under layer filmusing a resist composition solution (hereinafter referred to as “process(2)”), a process for exposing necessary parts of the above-mentionedresist film to radiation (hereinafter referred to as “process (3)”), aprocess for forming a resist pattern by developing an irradiated resistfilm (hereinafter referred to as “process (4)”), and a process forprocessing the above-mentioned resist under layer film and theabove-mentioned substrate using the above-mentioned resist pattern as amask by a dry-etching method (hereinafter referred to as “process (5)”).

In the above-mentioned process (1), a resist under layer film is formedon a substrate using the above-mentioned method for forming a resistunder layer film. The above description can be applied as is to themethod of forming the resist under layer film.

The thickness of the resist under layer film formed in the process (1)is usually in the range from 0.1 to 5 μm.

In addition, the pattern forming method of the embodiment of the presentinvention may further comprise a process (1′) of forming an intermediatelayer on the resist under layer film after the process (1) as required.

The intermediate layer is a layer for reinforcing the functionspossessed by the resist under layer film and/or the resist film or forproviding the functions with the resist under layer film and/or theresist film which are not possessed by these films. In the case where anantireflection film is, for instance, formed as the intermediate layer,the intermediate film can reinforce the antireflecting function of theresist under layer film.

The intermediate layer may be formed from an organic compound or aninorganic oxide. Examples of the organic compound include materialscommercially available under the trade names of “DUV-42”, “DUV-44”,“ARC-28”, “ARC-29” and the like manufactured by Brewer Science, Inc.,and “AR-3”, “AR-19” and the like manufactured by Lohm and Haas Company,and the like. Examples of the inorganic oxide include materialscommercially available under the trade names of “NFC SOG01”, “NFC SOG04”and the like manufactured by JSR Corp., and polysiloxane, titaniumoxide, alumina, tungsten oxide, and the like formed by the CVD method.

The method of forming the intermediate layer is not particularlylimited, but a coating method, a CVD method or the like can be used. Ofthese, the coating method is preferable. When the coating method isused, the intermediate layer may be formed continuously after formingthe resist under layer film.

Additionally, the thickness of the intermediate layer is notparticularly limited and is appropriately selected according to thedemanded functions. It is preferably in the range from 10 to 3,000 nm,and more preferably from 20 to 300 nm. If the thickness of theintermediate layer is less than 10 nm, there may be a case in which theintermediate layer is etched and lost during etching of the resist underlayer film. If the thickness exceeds 3,000 nm, the processingtransformation difference is remarkable when transferring the resistpattern to the intermediate layer.

In the above-mentioned process (2), a resist under layer film is formedon the resist under layer film and/or the intermediate layer using theresist composition solution.

Specifically, after applying the resist composition solution in anamount to obtain a resist film having a prescribed thickness, the resistfilm can be formed by prebaking the coating film to volatilize thesolvent in the coating film.

Examples of the above-mentioned resist composition solution include apositive-type or negative-type chemically amplified resist compositioncontaining a photoacid generator, a positive-type resist compositioncomprising an alkali-soluble resin and a quinondiazido-based sensitizer,a negative-type resist composition comprising an alkali-soluble resinand a crosslinking agent, and the like. Additionally, the solid contentof the resist composition solution applied to the resist under layerfilm or the intermediate layer is usually in the range from about 5% to50% by weight. The resist composition solution obtained by filteringthrough a filter with a pore diameter of about 0.2 μm is usually used. Acommercially available product of the resist composition solution may beused as is.

The method of coating of the resist composition solution is notparticularly limited. The spin coating method and the like may be used.

Additionally, the prebaking temperature is appropriately adjustedaccording to the type and the like of the resist composition solutionused, but is usually in the range from about 30° C. to 200° C., andpreferably from 50° C. to 150° C.

In the above-mentioned process (3), desired areas of the resist film areselectively exposed to radiation through a photomask.

Radiation used for exposure is appropriately selected according to thetype of the photoacid generator used in the resist composition fromamong visible rays, ultraviolet rays, deep ultraviolet rays, X-rays,electron beams, γ-rays, molecular beams, ion beams, and the like. Ofthese types of radiation, use of deep ultraviolet rays, particularly aKrF excimer laser (wavelength: 248 nm), an ArF excimer laser(wavelength: 193 nm), a F₂ excimer laser (wavelength: 157 nm), a Kr₂excimer laser (wavelength: 147 nm), an ArKr excimer laser (wavelength:134 nm), extreme ultraviolet rays (wavelength: 13 nm) and the like arepreferable.

In the above-mentioned process (4), the resist film after exposure isdeveloped using a developer to form a resist pattern.

The developer used in this process is appropriately selected accordingto the type of the resist composition. For example, an alkaline aqueoussolution of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate,sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate, ammonia, ethyl amine, n-propylamine, diethyl amine, di-n-propyl amine, triethyl amine, methyldiethylamine, dimethyl ethanol amine, triethanol amine, tetramethylammoniumhydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, pyrrole, piperidine, choline,1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-5-nonene orthe like can given. An appropriate amount of an aqueous organic solvent,alcohol such as methanol and ethanol, and a surfactant can be optionallyadded to the alkaline aqueous solution.

Further, the resist film after developing is washed and dried to form adesired resist pattern.

In this process, it is preferable to postbake the resist film afterexposure, but before development, in order to improve resolution, apattern profile, developability, and the like. The temperature ofpostbaking is appropriately adjusted according to the type and the likeof the resist composition used and is in the range usually from 50° C.to 200° C., and preferably from 80° C. to 150° C.

In the above-mentioned process (5), the pattern is transferred to theintermediate layer and/or resist under layer film by dry-etching of theresist under layer film using gas plasma such as oxygen plasma utilizingthe above-mentioned resist pattern as a mask.

According to the pattern forming method of the embodiment of the presentinvention, a pattern for processing a prescribed substrate can be formedby appropriately performing the processes (1) to (5).

EXAMPLES

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in greater detailby referring to the following Examples. The present invention is in noway limited by these Examples. In addition, “part” and “%” are based onweight unless otherwise indicated.

[1] Preparation of Compound (A) Synthesis Example 1

A reactor equipped with a condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer wascharged with 100 parts of 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, 100 parts ofpropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate and 50 parts ofparaformaldehyde. After the addition of 2 parts of oxalic acid, themixture was heated to 120° C. while dehydrating and was reacted for fivehours to obtain a polymer having the following structure (Mw=1,500).This polymer is referred to as “compound (A-1)”.

Synthesis Example 2

A reactor equipped with a condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer wascharged with 100 parts of phenol, 100 parts of propylene glycolmonomethyl ether acetate and 50 parts of paraformaldehyde. After theaddition of 2 parts of oxalic acid, the mixture was heated to 120° C.while dehydrating and was reacted for five hours to obtain a polymerhaving the following structure (Mw=1,300). This polymer is referred toas “compound (A-2)”.

Synthesis Example 3

A reactor equipped with a condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer wascharged with 100 parts of 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, 100 parts ofpropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, 30 parts of paraformaldehydeand 20 parts of furfurylaldehyde. After the addition of 2 parts ofoxalic acid, the mixture was heated to 120° C. while dehydrating and wasreacted for five hours to obtain a polymer having the followingstructure (Mw=1,600). This polymer is referred to as “compound (A-3)”.

Synthesis Example 4

A reactor equipped with a condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer wascharged with 100 parts of resorcinol and 200 parts of ethanol, and then68 parts of hydrochloric acid was added to the mixture. The resultingsolution was cooled with ice to 5° C. while stirring and 45 parts of anaqueous solution of 50% 1,5-pentanedial was slowly added dropwise. Afterthe addition, the mixture was heated at 80° C. for 48 hours to obtain acloudy yellow suspension. The suspension was poured into methanol, andthe resulting precipitate was collected by filtration. The precipitatewas washed three times with methanol. The washed precipitate was driedunder reduced pressure at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain apowdery light yellow solid. Then, 23 parts of tetrabutylammonium bromideand 350 parts of dehydrated pyridine were added to 100 parts of theresulting light yellow solid and the mixture was stirred for one hour.Subsequently, 185 parts of di-t-butyl dicarbonate was gradually addedand the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. After thereaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and pouredinto 300 ml of a 3% oxalic acid aqueous solution to precipitate a solid.The resulting solid was dissolved in methylene chloride and the solutionwas washed three times with 100 ml of a 3% oxalic acid aqueous solutionand two times with 100 ml of water. After discharging the water layer,the organic layer was dried using magnesium sulfate and was purified bya silica gel column using a 1:1 (volume ratio) mixture of hexane andethyl acetate to obtain a compound (A-4) having the following structure.

As a result of ¹H-NMR analysis of the compound (A-4), it was found that50% by mol of all Rs was a group (t-butoxycarbonyl group) shown by thefollowing formula (R-1) with the remaining R being hydrogen atom.

Synthesis Example 5

A separable flask equipped with a thermometer was charged with 100 partsof acenaphthylene, 78 parts of toluene, 52 parts of dioxane and 3 partsof azobisisobutyronitrile under a nitrogen atmosphere and the mixturewas stirred at 70° C. for five hours. After that, 5.2 parts ofp-toluenesulfonic acid mono-hydrate and 40 parts of paraformaldehydewere added, and the mixture was heated to 120° C. and stirred for afurther 6 hours. Subsequently, the reaction solution was poured into alarge amount of isopropanol and the precipitated resin was filtered toobtain a polymer having the following structure (Mw=20,000). Thispolymer is referred to as “compound (A-5)”.

The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the compounds (A) obtainedin Synthesis Examples was measured by gel permeation chromatography(detector: refractive index detector) utilizing monodisperse polystyreneas a standard and using GPC columns (manufactured by Tosoh Corp.,“G2000HXL”×2, “G3000HXL”×1) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/minute, usingtetrahydrofuran as an eluate, at a column temperature of 40° C.

¹H-NMR analysis of the compounds (A) was carried out using “JNM-ECA-500”manufactured by JEOL Ltd. and DMSO-d₆ as a solvent.

[2] Preparation of Composition for Forming Resist Under Layer FilmSynthesis Example 6

10 parts of the compound (A-1) was dissolved in 90 parts of propyleneglycol monomethyl ether acetate (solvent). The solution was filteredthrough a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.1 μm to prepare acomposition (I) for forming resist under layer film.

Synthesis Example 7

10 parts of the compound (A-2) was dissolved in 90 parts of propyleneglycol monomethyl ether acetate (solvent). The solution was filteredthrough a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.1 μm to prepare acomposition (II) for forming resist under layer film.

Synthesis Example 8)

10 parts of the compound (A-3) was dissolved in 90 parts of propyleneglycol monomethyl ether acetate (solvent). The solution was filteredthrough a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.1 μm to prepare acomposition (III) for forming resist under layer film.

Synthesis Example 9)

10 parts of the compound (A-4) was dissolved in 65 parts ofcyclohexanone (solvent) and 25 parts of γ-butyrolactone (solvent). Thesolution was filtered through a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.1μm to prepare a composition (IV) for forming resist under layer film.

Synthesis Example 10

10 parts of the compound (A-1) and 1.0 part of t-butyl hydroperoxide asa one-electron oxidizer (accelerator (C-1)) were dissolved in 89 partsof propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (solvent). The solution wasfiltered through a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.1 μm to preparea composition (V) for forming resist under layer film.

Synthesis Example 11)

10 parts of the compound (A-2) and 1.0 part of t-butyl hydroperoxide asa one-electron oxidizer (accelerator (C-1)) were dissolved in 89 partsof propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (solvent). The solution wasfiltered through a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.1 μm to preparea composition (VI) for forming resist under layer film.

Synthesis Example 12)

10 parts of the compound (A-3) and 1.0 part of t-butyl hydroperoxide asa one-electron oxidizer (accelerator (C-1)) were dissolved in 89 partsof propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (solvent). The solution wasfiltered through a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.1 μm to preparea composition (VII) for forming resist under layer film.

Synthesis Example 13

10 parts of the compound (A-5), 0.5 part of bis(4-t-butylphenyl)iodonium10-camphorsulfonate, and 0.5 part of4,4′-[1-{4-(1-[4-hydroxyphenyl]-1-methylethyl)phenyl}ethylidene]bisphenolwere dissolved in 89 parts of cyclohexanone (solvent). The solution wasfiltered through a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.1 μm to preparea composition (VIII) for forming resist under layer film.

[3] Preparation of Resist Composition Solution for ArF

In order to evaluate the performance of the resist under layer filmprepared from the compositions for forming a under layer film, apositive-type resist composition solution for ArF was prepared.

A separable flask equipped with a reflux condenser was charged with 29parts of8-methyl-8-t-butoxycarbonylmethoxycarbonyltetracyclo[4.4.0.1^(2,5).1^(7,10)]dodec-3-ene(monomer (α)), 10 parts of8-methyl-8-hydroxytetracyclo[4.4.0.1^(2,5).1^(7,1)°]dodec-3-ene (monomer(β)), 18 parts of maleic anhydride (monomer (γ)), 4 parts of2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol diacrylate, 1 part of t-dodecyl mercaptan, 4parts of azobisisobutyronitrile and 60 parts of 1,2-diethoxyethane, andthen polymerization was carried out at 70° C. for six hours whilestirring. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was poured into alarge amount of a mixed solvent of n-hexane and i-propyl alcohol (weightratio: 1:1) to solidify the resin. The solidified resin was washedseveral times with the mixed solvent, dried under vacuum to obtain aresin containing repeating units (a), (b), and (c), each having thefollowing structure, each of which respectively originating from theabove-mentioned monomers (α), (β), and (γ) (yield: 60%). The molar ratioof the repeating units (a), (b) and (c) for the resin was 64:18:18 andMw was 27,000. The molecular weight (Mw) of the resin was measured usingthe same method as that used for measuring Mw of the compound (A)obtained in [1] above.

After that, 80 parts of the above resin, 1.5 parts of1-(4-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)tetrahydrothiopheniumnonafluoro-n-butanesulfonate and 0.04 part of tri-n-octylamine weredissolved in 533 parts of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate toobtain a resist composition solution for ArF.

[4] Formation of Resist Under Layer Film Example 1)

A resist under layer film having a thickness of 0.3 μm for Example 1 wasformed by applying the composition (I) for forming resist under layerfilm on a silicon wafer with a diameter of 8 inches by spin coating andheating on a hot plate with an oxygen concentration of 20% by volume at180° C. for 60 seconds and at 350° C. for 120 seconds, sequentially.

Examples 2 to 27)

Resist under layer films having a thickness of 0.3 μm for Examples 2 to27 were formed by applying the compositions shown in Table 1 to siliconwafers with a diameter of 8 inches by spin coating and heating on a hotplate with an oxygen concentration shown in Table 1 at 180° C. for 60seconds and under the conditions (temperature and time) shown in Table1, sequentially.

Comparative Examples 1 to 16)

Resist under layer films having a thickness of 0.3 μm for ComparativeExamples 1 to 16 were formed by applying the compositions shown in Table2 to silicon wafers with a diameter of 8 inches by spin coating andheating on a hot plate with an oxygen concentration shown in Table 2 at180° C. for 60 seconds and under the conditions (temperature and time)shown in Table 2, sequentially.

TABLE 1 Composition Conditions of under layer film formation Under layerfilm Compound Accelerator Temperature Time composition (A) (C) (° C.)(second) Oxygen content (vol %) Example 1 Composition (I) A-1 — 350 12020 2 Composition (II) A-2 — 350 120 20 3 Composition (III) A-3 — 350 12020 4 Composition (IV) A-4 — 350 120 20 5 Composition (V) A-1 C-1 350 12020 6 Composition (VI) A-2 C-1 350 120 20 7 Composition (VII) A-3 C-1 350120 20 8 Composition (I) A-1 — 300 120 20 9 Composition (II) A-2 — 300120 20 10 Composition (III) A-3 — 300 120 20 11 Composition (V) A-1 C-1300 120 20 12 Composition (VI) A-2 C-1 300 120 20 13 Composition (VII)A-3 C-1 300 120 20 14 Composition (I) A-1 — 350 60 20 15 Composition(II) A-2 — 350 60 20 16 Composition (III) A-3 — 350 60 20 17 Composition(V) A-1 C-1 350 60 20 18 Composition (VI) A-2 C-1 350 60 20 19Composition (VII) A-3 C-1 300 60 20 20 Composition (I) A-1 — 450 120 2021 Composition (II) A-2 — 450 120 20 22 Composition (III) A-3 — 450 12020 23 Composition (I) A-1 — 350 120 30 24 Composition (II) A-2 — 350 12030 25 Composition (III) A-3 — 350 120 30 26 Composition (I) A-1 — 350120 10 27 Composition (I) A-1 — 350 120 5

TABLE 2 Composition Conditions of under layer film formation Under layerfilm Compound Accelerator Temperature Time composition (A) (C) (° C.)(second) Oxygen content (vol %) Comparative Example 1 Composition (I)A-1 — 350 120 0.1 2 Composition (II) A-2 — 350 120 0.1 3 Composition(III) A-3 — 350 120 0.1 4 Composition (IV) A-4 — 350 120 0.1 5Composition (V) A-1 C-1 350 120 0.1 6 Composition (VI) A-2 C-1 350 1200.1 7 Composition (VII) A-3 C-1 350 120 0.1 8 Composition (I) A-1 — 450600 0.1 9 Composition (II) A-2 — 450 600 0.1 10 Composition (III) A-3 —450 600 0.1 11 Composition (V) A-1 C-1 450 600 0.1 12 Composition (VI)A-2 C-1 450 600 0.1 13 Composition (VII) A-3 C-1 450 600 0.1 14Composition (VIII) A-5 — 350 120 20 15 Composition (VIII) A-5 — 450 12020 16 Composition (VIII) A-5 — 350 120 30

[5] Evaluation of Resist Under Layer Film

The resist under layer films of Examples 1 to 27 and Comparative Example1 to 16 were evaluated for the following items. The results are shown inTables 3 and 4.

[5-1] Measurement of Hydrogen Content Before and after Dehydrogenationand Measurement of Dehydrogenation Rate<Hydrogen Content after Dehydrogenation>

In the resist under layer films of Examples 1 to 27 and ComparativeExample 1 to 16, the weight reduction of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogenwas determined using micro corder “JM10” (manufactured by J-SCIENCE LABCO., Ltd.). The number of atoms of each element contained in the filmwas calculated by the formula [weight-reduced value of each element (%by weight)/weight (gram) of each element], following which the hydrogencontent (atom %) after dehydrogenation was determined by the formula[number of hydrogen atoms in the film/number of all atoms in the film].

<Hydrogen Content Before Dehydrogenation>

Each of the compositions (I) to (VIII) for forming resist under layerfilm prepared in [2] above was applied to a silicon wafer having adiameter of 8 inches by spin coating and was heated on a hot plate withan oxygen concentration of 20% by volume at 180° C. for 60 seconds toobtain a film. The film was subjected to determination in the samemanner as those determined for the above resist under layer films andthe value was used as the hydrogen content before dehydrogenation.

<Dehydrogenation Rate>

The rate of the hydrogen content decrease was determined from thehydrogen content before dehydrogenation and the hydrogen content afterdehydrogenation.

[5-2] Pattern Form after Substrate Processing (Evaluation of PatternTransfer Performance)

Each of the intermediate layer films having a thickness of 0.05 μm wasformed by applying the solution composition for forming an intermediatelayer for three-layer resist processing (trade name “NFC SOG080”manufactured by JSR Corp.) to the resist under layer films formed inExamples 1 to 27 and Comparative Examples 1 to 16 by spin coating andheating the coating film for 60 seconds on a hot plate at 200° C. andfor 60 seconds on a hot plate at 300° C., sequentially. After that, eachof the resist films having a thickness of 0.2 μm was formed by applyingthe solution compositions for forming a resist film for ArF prepared in[3] above by spin coating and prebaking the coating film for 90 secondson a hot plate at 130° C. The resulting resist film was exposed toradiation through a mask pattern using an ArF excimer laserphotolithography apparatus (manufactured by Nikon Corp., lens numericalaperture: 0.78, wavelength: 193 nm) for an optimum dose exposure time.The film was then postbaked on a hot plate at 130° C. for 90 seconds.Subsequently, an aqueous solution of 2.38% of tetramethylammoniumhydroxide was used for development at 25° C. for one minute, washing wascarried out with water, and drying was carried out to obtain an ArFpositive-type resist pattern. The intermediate film was processed usingthis resist pattern as a mask and the resist under layer film wasprocessed using the resulting intermediate film as a mask. After that,the substrate was processed using the resulting resist under layer filmas a mask.

The pattern formed in this manner was observed using a scanning electronmicroscope (SEM) to evaluate according to the following criteria.

∘: pattern of the resist under layer film was standing.

x: pattern of the resist under layer film was fallen or curved.

[5-3] Etching Resistivity

Each of the resist under layer films obtained in Examples 1 to 27 andComparative Examples 1 to 16 was subjected to an etching process usingan etching device (“EXAM” manufactured by Sinko Seiki Co., Ltd.) inCF₄/Ar/O₂ (CF₄: 40 ml/min, Ar: 20 ml/min, O₂: 5 ml/min; pressure: 20 Pa;RF power: 200 W; processing time: 40 seconds; temperature: 15° C.). Thethicknesses before and after etching were measured to determine theetching rate, whereby the etching resistivity was evaluated. Thefollowing criteria for evaluation were applied.

∘: etching rate was 150 nm/min or less.

Δ: etching rate was more than 150 nm/min, but less than 200 nm/min.

x: etching rate was 200 nm/min or more.

TABLE 3 Hydrogen content (atom %) Before After Dehydrogenation PatternEtching dehydrogenation dehydrogenation rate (%) form resistivityExample 1 38.0 24.6 35.3 ◯ ◯ 2 42.8 33.8 21.0 ◯ Δ 3 37.8 24.4 35.4 ◯ ◯ 443.2 29.2 32.4 ◯ Δ 5 38.3 24.0 37.3 ◯ ◯ 6 43.2 33.5 22.5 ◯ Δ 7 38.1 24.136.7 ◯ ◯ 8 38.0 24.2 36.3 ◯ ◯ 9 42.8 33.8 21.0 ◯ Δ 10 37.8 24.6 34.9 ◯ ◯11 38.3 24.3 36.6 ◯ ◯ 12 43.2 33.2 23.1 ◯ Δ 13 38.1 24.3 36.2 ◯ ◯ 1438.0 23.8 37.4 ◯ ◯ 15 42.8 33.4 22.0 ◯ Δ 16 37.8 23.9 36.8 ◯ ◯ 17 38.324.0 37.3 ◯ ◯ 18 43.2 33.5 22.5 ◯ Δ 19 38.1 23.8 37.5 ◯ ◯ 20 38.0 23.937.1 ◯ ◯ 21 42.8 33.7 21.3 ◯ Δ 22 37.8 24.0 36.5 ◯ ◯ 23 38.0 23.7 37.6 ◯◯ 24 42.8 25.5 40.4 ◯ Δ 25 38.1 23.9 37.3 ◯ ◯ 26 38.0 28.8 24.2 ◯ ◯ 2738.0 33.5 11.8 ◯ ◯

TABLE 4 Hydrogen content (atom %) Before After Dehydrogenation PatternEtching dehydrogenation dehydrogenation rate (%) form resistivityComparative Example 1 38.0 37.5 1.3 X ◯ 2 42.8 41.2 3.7 X Δ 3 37.8 37.02.1 X Δ 4 43.2 41.8 3.2 X Δ 5 38.3 37.7 1.6 X ◯ 6 43.2 41.1 4.9 X Δ 738.1 37.3 2.1 X Δ 8 38.0 37.1 2.4 X ◯ 9 42.8 42.0 1.9 X Δ 10 37.8 36.82.6 X ◯ 11 38.3 37.7 1.6 X ◯ 12 43.2 42.5 1.6 X Δ 13 38.1 36.6 3.9 X ◯14 40.9 40.0 2.2 X ◯ 15 40.9 40.2 1.7 X ◯ 16 40.9 40.5 1.0 X ◯

[6] Effect of Examples

As is clear from Tables 3 and 4, the resist under layer films ofExamples 1 to 27 which were formed in a process including thedehydrogenation step were confirmed to exhibit excellent patterntransfer performance and etching resistivity.

Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the presentinvention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is thereforeto be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, theinvention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically describedherein.

1. A method for forming a resist under layer film, comprising: providinga composition for forming a resist under layer film on a substrate whichis to be processed, the composition comprising a solvent and acalixarene compound or a derivative of the calixarene compound; andsetting the composition under an oxidizing atmosphere with an oxygencontent of 1% or more by volume to form a resist under layer film. 2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the calixarene compound or thederivative of the calixarene is represented by a general formula (2),

wherein, each R individually represents a hydrogen atom, a substitutedor unsubstituted monovalent acid dissociable group having a chainstructure, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent thermallydecomposable group having a chain structure, wherein at least one of theRs is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent acid dissociable grouphaving a chain structure; each X individually represents a substitutedor unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; each Yindividually represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl grouphaving 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenylgroup having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstitutedalkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted orunsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms, a substitutedor unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or asubstituted or unsubstituted phenoxy group; and each q is individually 0or
 1. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compositionfurther comprises, as an accelerator: a metal compound containing atleast one metal element belonging to Group 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,13, 14, or 15 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; a peroxide; a diazocompound; and a halogen component consisting of a halogen, a halogenacid, or a combination thereof.
 4. The method according to claim 3,wherein the peroxide comprises a peroxy acid, a diacyl peroxide, aperoxy acid ester, a ketal peroxide, a peroxydicarbonate, a dialkylperoxide, a ketone peroxide, an alkyl hydroxy peroxide, or a combinationthereof.
 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the diazo compoundcomprises 2,2′-azobisisobutylonitrile.
 6. The method according to claim3, wherein the metal compound comprises at least one metal compoundwhich contains cerium, lead, silver, manganese, osmium, ruthenium,vanadium, thallium, copper, iron, bismuth, nickel, or a combinationthereof.
 7. The method according to claim 3, wherein the halogencomponent comprises chlorine, bromine, iodine, perhalogen acid, ahalogen acid, a halous acid, a hypohalous acid, a salt of the perhalogenacid, the halogen acid, the halous acid or the hypohalous acid, or acombination thereof.
 8. A pattern forming method comprising: forming aresist under layer film on a substrate using the method according toclaim 1; providing a resist composition solution on the resist underfilm to form a resist film; exposing necessary parts of the resist filmto radiation; developing the exposed resist film to form a resistpattern; and dry-etching the resist under layer film and the substrateusing the resist pattern as a mask.
 9. A composition for forming aresist under layer film, comprising: a calixarene compound or aderivative of the calixarene compound; and a solvent.
 10. Thecomposition according to claim 9, wherein the calixarene compound or thederivative of the calixarene is represented by a general formula (2),

wherein, each R individually represents a hydrogen atom, a substitutedor unsubstituted monovalent acid dissociable group having a chainstructure, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent thermallydecomposable group having a chain structure, wherein at least one of theRs is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent acid dissociable grouphaving a chain structure; each X individually represents a substitutedor unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; each Yindividually represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl grouphaving 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenylgroup having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstitutedalkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted orunsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms, a substitutedor unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or asubstituted or unsubstituted phenoxy group; and each q is individually 0or 1.